Abigail

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Questions - **__Name_____ Abi_Davis __ Form___ 5 ___Date_ 11.10.10_ ** **__Atomic Structure Web Quest__** 1. You may remember that atoms are made up of three basic types of particles. Use the links below to complete the chart. You are looking for basic facts, such as the size of the particles compared to each other. [] [] 2. Not all atoms are alike. What is it that makes one type of atom different from another? Look at the sites provided, and draw a basic atomic model for both **__boron__** and **__aluminum__**. Be sure to include all three particles in your drawings. What makes atoms different from each other is that atom has its own atomic number.
 * **//__ Ryan & Abi __//** || **//__ John Michael & Jade __//** || **//__ Owen & Adam __//** ||
 * // PbS // || H2O || KBr ||
 * // FeN // || PbS || Cl2Co ||
 * // CuO // || KH || HCl ||
 * // NaCl // || BeS || FeAgnl ||
 * // KH // || NaCN || U02 ||
 * || 02 ||  ||
 * || N2 ||  ||
 * || HgO ||  ||
 * __ Part A – Atomic Structure and Atomic Models __**
 * **Particle name** || **Type of charge** || **Location in the atom** || **Relative Size** ||
 * Proton || Positive Charge || Nucleus || Large ||
 * Neutron || No charge || Nucleus || Large ||
 * Electron || Negative Charge || Electron Orbital || Small ||


 * ||  || [[image:file:///C:/Users/Abi/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif width="219" height="221"]] ||
 * ||  || [[image:file:///C:/Users/Abi/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif width="219" height="221"]] ||


 * BORON **


 * ALUMINUM **


 * ||  |||||| [[image:file:///C:/Users/Abi/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.gif width="69" height="46"]] ||
 * ||  ||   ||   || [[image:file:///C:/Users/Abi/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif width="32" height="28"]] ||
 * ||  ||   ||   || [[image:file:///C:/Users/Abi/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif width="32" height="28"]] ||
 * ||  ||   ||   || [[image:file:///C:/Users/Abi/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif width="32" height="28"]] ||

[] [|www.webelements.com] 3. Your drawings in question 2 were probably Bohr models – named after the scientist who came up with this model in 1913. Use the following links to find out the atomic model currently used by scientists. Write a short (3-4) sentence paragraph explaining the differences between the Bohr model and the currently accepted model. Why do you think the Bohr model is still used in textbooks and assignments such as this? [] [] Bohr model- Currently Accepted model - 4. Compounds are formed when two or more elements combine chemically. A compound is named based on the elements that make it up – such as sodium chloride (NaCl) or calcium oxide (CaO). Some compound names also include prefixes that tell the number of atoms of each element in the compound, such as carbon monoxide (CO) or carbon dioxide (CO ** 2 ** ). Chemists use a chemical formula to show the number of atoms of each element in a compound. You may or may not understand how to determine each formula, but you should understand what the formula shows. Complete the chart giving the number of atoms of each element in each compound. If you need help, check the following links. 1 O atom || 2 Cl || (baking soda) || //NaHCO////3// || 1 Na 1 H  1 C  3 O || 1Cl || 22H 11 0 || (sodium chloride) || //NaCl// || 1 Na 1 Cl || 2 O || 2 P 4 O || 5. Compounds are formed when two or more elements combine. The two main types of compounds are ionic and covalent. Table salt (NaCl) is an ionic compound. Sand (mainly SiO2) is covalent. Use the links below to determine the main difference between the electron interactions in these two types of compounds. Draw or describe the difference. Be sure you have explained both types of bonds. The difference between Table Salt and Sand is
 * __ Part B - Compounds __**
 * **Compound** || **Chemical formula** || **Type and number of atoms** ||
 * Water || //H////2////O// || 2 H atoms
 * Calcium chloride || //CaCl////2// || 1 Ca
 * sodium hydrogen carbonate
 * Hydrochloric acid || //HCl// || 1 H
 * Sucrose (sugar) || //C////12////H////22////O////11// || 12 C
 * Table salt
 * Silicon dioxide || //SiO////2// || 1 Si
 * Magnesium phosphate || //Mg////3////(PO////4////)////2// || 1 mg
 * SALT ** - Salt is made up of ionic bonds. But in salt atoms to not share electrons, there two opposite atoms and they are held together by something called electrostatic interaction; this is between opposite charged particles.
 * SAND – **

[] [] - [|http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/index.htm] []

6. Water has what are known as “polar covalent bonds”. What does this mean and why would it be important? Polar Covalent bonds is a type of covalent bond, it is the process by which the oxygen atom and hydrogen atom are bonding to become water. Chemical Bonding – INTERNET RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT View the sites below and answer the questions that follow A. [] 1. **What is a chemical bond?** A Chemical bond is when a bond and a atom are attracted to each other and this what allows chemical compounds to have more than one atom **.** 2. **Why do most atoms form chemical bonds?** Most atoms form chemical bonds because most of the time there is a force between each opposite atom. 1. **What types of atoms typically form ionic bonds?** Most types of ionic bonds are metal 2. **How are ionic bonds formed and what type of structure do they create?** Ionic bonds are formed by the opposite attraction between 2 opposite charged ions, and the structure they create are 3. **What are the typical properties of ionic substances? Include the following: physical state, melting point, solubility in water, electrical conductivity, and any other properties you'd like to include.** ** They conduct electrify well, there physical state is solid and they are not soluble in water ** Explain what you see. **1.** **What types of atoms typically form covalent bonds?** ** The types of atoms that form covalent bonds are non-metal atoms. **
 * 1) Read //Introduction.// What did Lewis observe about atoms and what did he suggest?
 * 1) Read //Ionic Bonding//. Explain in your own words the nature of an ionic bond.
 * 1) Click on the **Simulation of the reaction of NaCl**. There are three pages. Click on the prompt at the bottom right to go to page 2 and 3.
 * 1) Continue reading about //ionic bonding//. Explain why there is no such thing as a single ionic molecule.
 * 2) Read //Covalent Bonding//. Click on the **covalent bonding simulation** and explain what you see.

**2.** **How are covalent bonds formed and what type of structure do they create?** **3.** **What are the typical properties of covalent substances ? Include the following: physical state, melting point, solubility in water, electrical conductivity, and any other properties you'd like to include.** **__ COKE EXPERIMENT __**
 * 1) Continue reading //Covalent Bonding//. Explain why unlike ionic molecules covalent molecules exist.
 * 2) Read //Multiple **B**onds And Lewis Dot Structures//. From your notes or text what other type of multiple covalent bond exists? Draw the Lewis dot structure of three molecular compounds- One with single bond(s), One with double bond(s) and one with triple bond(s). Make statements about bond length and bond strength related to the number of bonds between atoms.
 * 3) Read //Polar and Nonpolar Covalent Bonding//. Click on the **simulation of the water molecule**. Explain what you see.
 * 4) From your notes or internet rescources explain electronegativity of atoms and how polar covalent bonds are formed. Draw and example of a molecule with nonpolar covalent bond(s) and one with polar covalent bond(s) indicating electronegativities of each atom, differences in electronegativities and partial charges if present.
 * 5) Read Dipole. Explain the nature of a dipole. Go back to the previous simulation and explain why water is a dipole.
 * You have had the opportunity to explore the key aspects of ionic and covalent metallic bonding. Now, let's put your newfound knowledge to use!**
 * 1) **Choose one of the following products to demonstrate what you have learned.**
 * **STORY - Choose one type of bonding and write “A Day in the Life of an Atom” story describing what it's like to be an atom that forms your chosen bond type. The story should incorporate at least 5 properties.**
 * **COMIC STRIP - Choose one type of bonding and write a comic strip with 3+ frames. The comic should incorporate at least 3 properties.**
 * **SINGLE-FRAME CARTOON - Draw a single-frame cartoon for each type of bonding. Each cartoon should incorporate at least one key property.**

** ROOM TEMPERTURE COKE – ** ** Actual temp – ** 31.1 ° c  ** Pressure – ** 99.11 KPA When the Alka – Seltzer is added to the room temperature it fizz’s up and has a lot of bubbles and then after a while when the Alka-Seltzer starts to dissolve the coke slowly starts to stop reacting. ** Temp – ** 30 ° c  ** Pressure- ** 99.25 KPA

**HOT COKE –** **Actual temp** – 41 ° c **Pressure** – 99.03 KPA When Alka-Seltzer is added to the heat coke it fizz’s up and its reacting to the Alka-Seltzer. When it first was dropped into the heated coke it starts to fizz a lot but then after the Alka-Seltzer is dissolved it starts to calf down. **Temperature** – 37.5 ° c **Pressure –** 99.5 KPA ** COLD COKE ** ** Actual temperature – ** 19.5 ° c  ** Pressure – ** 99 KDA When Alka-Seltzer is added to the cold coke once again it start to fizz up but not as much as the heat and room temperature coke, but then also it doesn’t stop fizzing until the Alka-Seltzer has fully dissolved and then it slowly stops fizzing. ** Temperature – ** 19.3 ° c  ** Pressure ** – 99.03 KPA RAIN WATER TESTED AROUND THE SCHOOL The graph above shows the difference between the ph between the different spots of rain water we tested around the school and the temperature of the water we tested around the school. We tested different puddles around the school after the rain fell. The ph between each puddle is different but it isn’t much different, its different because there all located in different places and some of the things on the ground would have mixed in with the water so each ph will be a little different. It’s similar with the temperature, if the temperature of a puddle was tested under the swing and in the green house the temperature will be different but not drastically different. ** Research question ** – Will the pH level for darker soda’s be different to lighter soda’s ?

 ** Hypothesis ** - between 4 different sodas there is going to be different pHs level between each one and I’m going to try and find what the pH levels are.  ** Materials ** - The materials used in the experiment are  · Coke  · Sprite  · Coke zero  · Ginger ale  · Ph sensors  · Beakers  · Water  · Table  ** Method **  · Collect 4 small beakers and one big beaker. The smalls one are going to contain each of the soda’s and the big one is going to contain water to rinse when finished with each soda  · After each beaker is collected then pour each soda into four different beakers.  · Write in the table what After each beaker is collected then pour each soda into four different beakers.  · Write in the table what you think the ph level would be for each soda  · After that is done, test one soda, leave in the beaker for 15 seconds and then when you discover what the ph level is type it in the table. When that task is done, but the ph sensor in the water and stir it around for a bit and then wipe off the excess water so that the sodas don’t combine with each other. <span style="display: block; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12pt 38.25pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · Complete that task with each soda until the chart is full. <span style="display: block; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12pt 38.25pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · When you are finished clean out each beaker carefully and make sure your table is cleaned.



A scienAnswer: //“What is the Scientific Method?” I am not looking for just a textbook definition, explain in your own words.//tific method is a number of steps to try and solve a scientific experiment. explain more, don't just give a textbook explanation use your own words. - dont just go for the expactations are but exceed them, we were supposed to write in an essay format, though i also did this the first time o Hypothesis o Materials o Method o Table/Graph o Conclusion you are missing many steps and much explanation of what to do during your steps Look at different websites. Identify any differences you may find. On every website they all uses different layouts to show the same message - ﻿i dont want to be mean or say you didnt put effors into any work but you gotta add more information and compare them in more detail
 * ** Soda ** || ** Suspected pH level ** || ** Actual pH level ** ||
 * Coke ||  ||   ||
 * Sprite ||  ||   ||
 * Coke Zero ||  ||   ||
 * Ginger Ale ||  ||   ||
 * List steps in the Scientific Method

Scientist use the Scientific Method to help them answer questions on how different things in life work, and to help guide them through an experiment again you could explain more here, and add some more detail. um aby you could try expanding on your explanation which is a good general understanding Ways in using the scientific method outside the classroom are: o Cooking just expand on your ideas Explain more please
 * Explain how scientists use the Scientific Method.
 * Explain how you use the Scientific Method outside the classroom.

o [] o []
 * List any sources do not rely on just 1 source

dont just add another website because it says you cant have only one try to use these websites for information to take and put in your own words and expand using research

It was to basic, you should've tried to explain more and add more detail. You said the basic idea for most of the parts, but you need to add the "why" part.

This isn't a hypothesis this is more of an overview or just a statement of what exactly we were doing i wouldnt call this a hypothesis, which is an educated guess based on previous obtaied knowledge and you cant put the terms we or you or him or anything luike that in a hypothesis
 * Hypothesis** – where trying to find the ph of some solutions, we had to guess what we though each solution was and then we had to compare to what it really was

· Coke · Disiclin · Lime Juice · water · Salt water · Filtered Water · Vinegar · Salt water · 50% alcohol · Pure alcohol · Table · 100ml Beaker · 400ml Beaker · 250ml beaker · Ph sensor · Data Logger What happend here?
 * Materials** -

This isn't a method, for a method you need to list the steps you took to do the experiment. You should write it as if you were giving instructions for someone to do the lab. For a lab you have to create more of an effort to research and gather information this method does not explain to me what i need to do and your audience you are teaching wouldnt either
 * Method –** We have to guess the ph for each of these solutions. After that is done, we have to test the ph scale for each of the solution and compare each of the guessed ph’s to the actual ph was.


 * Table/Graph** –



Conclusion – with the guessed ph and the ph we know we had to had to put the information into a graph. Explain a lot more here. You should write about if your hypothesis was correct and if it wasn't correct why you think you got the results you have. You should also write about what improvements you could make and maybe what errors you might of made in the experiment and how they might of affected your results.

Owen- McCleery SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENT OF PH OF SODAS